汪伟, 夏菡, 李健. 人类健康所面临的持久挑战:新发和再现人兽共患病[J]. 中国热带医学, 2022,22(10): 895-898.
WANG Wei, XIA Han, LI Jian. Emerging and re-emerging zoonoses is a persistent challenges for human health[J]. China Tropical Medicine, 2022,22(10): 895-898.
Zoonoses are a class of infectious diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans. More than 200 known types of zoonoses have been reported across the world until now. Among 1 400 pathogens of human infectious diseases, approximately 61% are zoonotic origin, and 75% human emerging infectious diseases are zoonoses. These zoonoses pose a great threat to human and animal health and decrease livestock production. To effectively tackle the persistent challenges resulting from zoonoses, WHO collaborates with member governments, academia, non-governmental and charitable organizations, and regional and international partners to prevent and manage zoonotic threats and their public health, social and economic impacts. Although great success has been achieved in the management of zoonoses, there are still multiple challenges for zoonoses control in China due to environmental, climate, socioeconomic factors and antimicrobial resistance. Based on the One Health concept, the integration of modern biological, information, artificial intelligent and big data tools through multidisciplinary and multi-sectorial collaborations may facilitate the containment and elimination of zoonoses.
Keyword:
Zoonoses; emerging infectious disease; re-emerging infectious disease; human health; One Health
为有效应对人兽共患病带来的持续挑战, WHO与各国政府、学术团队、非政府及慈善机构、区域性和国际合作伙伴携手合作, 以预防和管控人兽共患病的威胁及其造成的公共卫生、社会和经济影响。2006年, WHO、联合国粮食与农业组织(FAO)及世界动物卫生组织(WOAH)建立了“ 全球包括人兽共患病在内的重大动物疾病早期预警系统(global early warning system for major animal diseases including zoonosis, GLEWS)”, 旨在通过在人-动物-生态系统界面对健康威胁和潜在关注事件进行快速检测和风险评估以形成防控措施。2010年, FAO、OIE和WHO发布三方合作协议《在人-动物-生态系统界面共担责任、协调全球行动》(sharing responsibilities and coordinating global activities to address health risks at the animal-human-ecosystems interfaces)”, 为全球包括人兽共患病在内的重大动物疾病防控提供了框架指南。2012年, WHO发布《人兽共患病与被边缘化的感染性疾病优先研究领域技术报告》(research priorities for zoonoses and marginalized infections), 该报告对影响贫困人口的人兽共患病与被边缘化的感染性疾病的研究景观进行了系统分析, 并列出了支持疾病控制的优先研究领域[24]。2022年9月, 我国农业农村部制定并下发了《全国畜间人兽共患病防治规划(2022—2030年)》。这些组织建设和文件规划为推动我国人兽共患病防控提供了便利条件。
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... 2012年,WHO发布《人兽共患病与被边缘化的感染性疾病优先研究领域技术报告》(research priorities for zoonoses and marginalized infections),该报告对影响贫困人口的人兽共患病与被边缘化的感染性疾病的研究景观进行了系统分析,并列出了支持疾病控制的优先研究领域[24] ...